Stormwater
Definition of Stormwater
Water that flows over land when it rains and enters our storm drains and local waterways (streams, creeks, ponds) is considered stormwater.
Stormwater Pollution
Stormwater pollution is one of the biggest threats to the health of our surface waters. As water flows over the land it comes in contact with common contaminants like:
- Detergents
- Fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides released from lawns and landscaped areas
- Harmful bacteria from pet waste and sanitary sewer overflow
- Oil, grease and detergents washed off of roads and parking lots
- Pesticides
- Sediment and debris from construction sites
- Toxic metals
Unlike sewage, which is collected and treated, anything that flows into the storm sewer system empties directly into waterways without treatment. In Farmers Branch, polluted stormwater runoff eventually flows into the Trinity River, impacting our drinking water source.
Stormwater & How It Impacts Water Quality
In urban and suburban areas, like Farmers Branch, much of the land surface is covered by buildings and pavement which do not allow rain to soak into the ground. Instead, this water, known as stormwater, runs off into the stormwater system.
The stormwater system is a network of drains and pipes that ultimately end up in a waterway – be it a stream, creek, pond, lake or river. Farmers Branch has three creeks:
- Cooks Creek
- Farmers Branch Creek
- Rawhide Creek
Each of these creeks receives stormwater from different parts of the city, as indicated on the Drainage Basin Map. The part of the city that is west of I-35E is part of the Valwood Improvement Authority and feeds into the Elm Fork of the Trinity River.
When stormwater runoff enters the storm drains, it carries with it pollutants it comes into contact with like oil, dirt, chemicals, and lawn fertilizers. These end up in streams where they seriously harm water quality.
Stormwater Hotline
Report stormwater quality or creek issues to 972-919-2613 during regular business hours or report a concern online.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements
For all construction projects that will disturb more than one acre of land, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) requires operators to obtain TPDES General Permit coverage for the project. This requires the preparation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The City of Farmers Branch requires the SWPPP to be submitted to the Public Works Department before construction begins.
Information from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
How to Prevent Urban Runoff
Everyone lives in a watershed and can help improve water quality in streams, creeks, ponds, lakes and rivers. General tips include the following:
- Apply pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers according to the product label. Contact the product manufacturer if any questions arise regarding the application of the chemicals. Apply lawn chemicals far in advance of a rain event to reduce the amount of runoff.
- Repair leaking vehicles. The oil and grease that leaks onto the driveway enter nearby streams such as Farmers Branch Creek, Rawhide Creek and Cooks Creek.
- Wash your vehicle at a commercial car wash in town. At these facilities, the detergent, dirt, oil and grease from the washing are sent to the sanitary sewer system where it is later treated and released for beneficial use. There are numerous self-serve and full-service car washes in Farmers Branch.
- Use a mulching blade on your lawn mower or capture the grass for mulch. Blowing excess grass into the street travels to the creeks and reduces water quality by adding nutrients for unwanted bacterial and algae growth.
- "Do the Right Thing." Pick up after your pet when it "Doo's," and place it into the trash. This prevents your pet's waste from being picked up by stormwater and transported to the waterways which can cause elevated counts of bacteria in the creeks.
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Videos
- Freddy the Fish Teaches About Stormwater
- Lawn Care
- Litter
- What's Your Dog Doo-ing?
- Proper Pool Draining in North Texas
Definition of Erosion
As development occurs, the area of land that becomes impervious increases. Impervious land is covered with asphalt, concrete or buildings. When it rains, much of the water that hits the ground runs off into a storm drain instead of soaking into the soil. This water is called "stormwater" and as impervious surfaces increase, the volume of stormwater also increases.
A higher volume of water entering the stormwater system results in a greater flow and more velocity that picks up soil and pebbles and deposits them downstream; this is called "erosion." It's the same process that formed the Grand Canyon millions of years ago! Erosion changes the characteristics of a stream and can make it less stable.
Effects of Erosion
Erosion can make land along the water unstable as water cuts away at the shore. This can result in loss of property and potential damage to homes and structures. Erosion also carries dirt and sediment downstream, where it is deposited and can cause further damage to the waterway and adjacent land. This muddy water also negatively impacts fish and wildlife.
How to Mitigate Erosion Impacts
Almost all of the tips mentioned on our Streams and Urban Runoff page will also mitigate the impacts of erosion.
- Disconnect / redirect downspouts
- Plant a green roof
- Plant a rain garden
- Plant trees
- Reduce impervious surfaces; install permeable pavement
- Use a rain barrel to capture rain from your roof
Healthy Creeks
Farmers Branch creeks are a unique feature of the City. Residents living along the creek appreciate our creeks, and also residents who enjoy the City's creekside amenities such as parks and trails. Healthy creeks provide clean water, reduce flooding and erosion impacts to homes and businesses, provide habitat for wildlife and enhance property values.
Waterway Buffers
A waterway buffer or "grow zone" is an area next to a creek that grows grasses, flowers, trees and shrubs. A healthy waterway buffer has a mixture of vegetation that over time develops deep roots to hold the bank in place. Lack of deep-rooted vegetation around creek banks can contribute to future erosion issues.
Grow Zone for Healthy Creeks
View the Homeowner's Guide to Healthy Creeks (PDF).
Let it Grow! Create a Grow Zone for Healthy Creeks. Growing plants and trees in the riparian areas (situated near a creek or river) is one way to keep our waterways clean and flowing.
Every little bit helps if you live by a creek. Do what you can and let waterway buffers grow!
- Avoid growing and mowing turf grass up to the edge of a creek. Turf grass has shallow root systems that do little to stabilize the banks.
- Plant native grasses and wildflowers. These species have longer root systems than typical lawn grasses such as Bermuda.
- Plant native shrubs and trees. These species require little maintenance and provide abundant food for wildlife.
Create a Grow Zone
Growing plants and trees in riparian areas is one way to keep our waterways clean and flowing. Farmers Branch Riparian Restoration Plant List (PDF).
Native and non-native plants can be grown next to creeks. Select plants that are adaptive and will not crowd out other vegetation. A mixture of vegetation with deep roots will help improve stormwater infiltration.
Benefits
Healthy waterway buffers can:
- Enhance property values and add to landscaping
- Improve water quality
- Prevent erosion of soil and reduce flooding
- Protect creeks from certain pollutants
- Provide wildlife habitat
Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
A Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) is a conveyance or system of conveyances that is:
- Designed or used to collect or convey stormwater, for example, storm drains, pipes and ditches
- Not a combined sewer
- Not part of a sewage treatment plant publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
- Owned by a state, city, town, village or other public entity that discharges to US waters
See the Environmental Protection Agency website for further definition of MS4s.
Once a city or entity is in the MS4 program they remain in the MS4 program. Operators of small MS4s that are fully or partially located within an urbanized area (UA)) as determined by the 2000 or 2010 Decennial Census by the U.S. Bureau of Census, must obtain authorization for the discharge of stormwater runoff and are eligible for coverage under the general permit.
Farmers Branch MS4
The City of Farmers Branch operates a Phase II, Level 2a, small MS4. As a designated small MS4 operator, we must comply with the Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (TPDES) General Permit TXR04000. The permit states:
Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems located in the state of Texas may discharge directly to surface water only according to requirements and conditions outlined in this General Permit.
Permits Over Time
| MS4 Permit Issued by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) | City of Farmers Branch Permit Coverage |
|---|---|
| Fourth (4th) Issued August 15, 2024 | NOI and SWMP for 2025 to 2029 |
| July 23, 2024 to August 15, 2024 | MS4s are told to operate under current SWMP until a new permit is issued. |
| Third (3rd) Issued July 23, 2019 | NOI and SWMP for 2019 to 2024 |
| Second (2nd) Issued December 13, 2013 | NOI and SWMP for 2014 to 2018 |
| August 13, 2012 to November 12, 2013 | MS4s are told to operate under the current SWMP until a new permit is issued. |
| First (1st) Issued August 13, 2007 | Notice of Intent (NOI) and Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) for 2008 to 2012 Permit Term. Submitted per permit requirements. |
Stormwater Plan
Pending Annual Stormwater Reports
Reports have been submitted and are pending approval by TCEQ.
- 2025 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2024 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2023 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2022 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2021 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2020 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)
- 2019 Annual Stormwater Management Program Report (PDF)